Japanese basic grammar topic Things that happen unintentionally

Unintended Actions

This is the first of many useful tools that will become essential in your day-to-day conversations. We will now learn how to express an action that has taken place unintentionally often with unsatisfactory results. This is primarily done by the verb しまう. Let's look at an example.

Vocabulary

1.    康介 こう・すけ - Kousuke (first name)

2.    宿題 しゅく・だい - homework

3.    やる (u-verb) - to do

4.    しまう (u-verb) - to do something by accident; to finish completely

康介:宿題をやった
Kousuke: Did you do homework?

アリス:しまった
Alice: Oh no! (I screwed up!)

Using しまう with other verbs

Vocabulary

1.    しまう (u-verb) - to do something by accident; to finish completely

2.    その - that abbr. of それの

3.    ケーキ - cake

4.    全部 ぜん・ぶ - everything

5.    食べる た・べる (ru-verb) - to eat

6.    毎日 まい・にち - everyday

7.    キロ - kilo

8.    太る ふと・る (u-verb) - to become fatter

9.    ちゃんと - properly

10.  痩せる や・せる (ru-verb) - to become thin

11.  結局 けっ・きょく - eventually

12.  いや (na-adj) disagreeable; unpleasant

13.  こと - event, matter

14.  する (exception) - to do

15.  ごめん - sorry

16.  待つ ま・つ (u-verb) - to wait

17.  金魚 きん・ぎょ - goldfish

18.  もう - already

19.  死ぬ し・ぬ (u-verb) - to die

When しまう is used in this sense, it is normal to attach it to the te-form of another verb to express an action that is done or happened unintentionally. As is common with this type of grammar, the tense is decided by the tense of しまう.

1.    そのケーキを全部食べてしまった
Oops, I ate that whole cake.

2.    毎日ケーキを食べて、2キロ太ってしまいました。
I ate cake everyday and I (unintentionally) gained two kilograms.

3.    ちゃんと食べないと、痩せてしまいますよ
If you don't eat properly, you'll (unintentionally) lose weight you know.

4.    結局、嫌なことをさせてしまった

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Basic grammar

  • 1 :Addressing People
  • 2 :Adjective Practice Exercises
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  • 41 :Other uses of the te-form
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  • 49 :Review and more sentence-ending particles
  • 50 :Saying something is easy or difficult to do
  • 51 :Showing signs of something
  • 52 :Special expressions with generic nouns
  • 53 :Special Expressions
  • 54 :Tendencies
  • 55 :The Question Marker
  • 56 :The Writing System
  • 57 :Things that happen unintentionally
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  • 59 :Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
  • 60 :Trying something out or attempting to do something
  • 61 :Using suru and naru with the ni particle
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  • 64 :Verb Basics
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