Expressing a lack of change
Up
until now, we've mostly been talking about things that have happened or changed
in the course of events. We will now learn some simple grammar to express a lack of
change.
Using 「まま」 to express a lack of change
Vocabulary
1. この - this （abbr. of これの）
2. 宜しい 【よろ・しい】 (i-adj) - good
(formal)
3. 半分 【はん・ぶん】 - half
4. 食べる 【た・べる】 (ru-verb) - to eat
5. 捨てる 【す・てる】 (ru-verb) - to
throw away
6. 駄目 【だめ】 - no good
7. いる (ru-verb) - to
exist (animate)
8. 今日 【きょう】 - today
9. 悲しい 【かな・しい】 (i-adj) - sad
10. その - that （abbr. of それの）
11. 格好 【かっ・こう】 - appearance
12. クラブ - club; nightclub
13. 入る 【はい・る】 (u-verb) - to enter
「まま」, not to be confused with the childish
expression for "mother" （ママ）, is a grammatical phrase to express a lack of change in
something. Grammatically, it is used just like a regular noun. You'll most
likely hear this grammar at a convenience store when you buy a very small item.
Since store clerks use super polite expressions and at lightning fast speeds,
learning this one expression will help you out a bit in advance. (Of course,
upon showing a lack of comprehension, the person usually repeats the exact same
phrase... at the exact same speed.)
Examples
·
このままで宜しいですか？
Is it ok just like this?
In
other words, the clerk wants to know if you'll take it just like that or
whether you want it in a small bag. 「宜しい」, in case I haven't gone over it yet, is
simply a very polite version of 「いい」. Notice that 「まま」 grammatically works just like a regular noun which means, as
usual, that you can modify it with verb phrases or adjectives.
·
半分しか食べてないままで捨てちゃダメ！
You can't throw it out leaving it in that half-eaten condition!
Ok, the translation is
very loose, but the idea is that it's in an unchanged state of being half-eaten
and you can't just throw that out.
Here's
a good example I found googling around.
Hint: The 「いさせる」 is the causative form of 「いる」 meaning "let/make me exist".
·
今日だけは悲しいままでいさせてほしい。
For only today, I want you to let me stay in this sad condition.
Finally, just in case,
here's an example of direct noun modification.
·
その格好のままでクラブに入れないよ。
You can't get in the club in that getup (without changing it).
Using 「っぱなし」 to leave something the way it is
Vocabulary
1. 放す 【はな・す】 (u-verb) - to release; to set loose
2. くれる (ru-verb) - to give
3. ほったらかす (u-verb) - to neglect
4. テレビ - TV, television
5. 開ける 【あ・ける】 (ru-verb) - to open
6. 書く 【か・く】 (u-verb) - to write
7. つける (ru-verb) - to
attach; to turn on
8. する (exception) - to do
9. 眠れる 【ねむ・れる】 (ru-verb) - to fall
asleep
10. 人 【ひと】 - person
11. 結構 【けっ・こう】 - fairly, reasonably
12. いる (ru-verb) - to
exist (animate)
13. 窓 【まど】 - window
14. 蚊 【か】 - mosquito
15. いっぱい - full
16. 入る 【はい・る】 (u-verb) - to enter
17. しまう (u-verb) - to do something by accident; to
finish completely
The
verb 「放す」 meaning "to set loose", can be used
in various ways in regards to leaving something the way it is. For instance, a
variation 「放っとく」 is used when you want to say "Leave me
alone". For instance, you might use the command form of a request （くれる） and say, 「ほっといてくれ！」(Leave me alone!). Yet another variant 「ほったらかす」 means "to neglect".
The grammar I would
like to discuss here is the 「っぱなし」 suffix variant. You can attach this suffix to
the stem of any verb to describe the act of doing something and leaving it that
way without changing it. You can treat the combination like a regular noun.
Here's
a link with more examples of this
grammar. As you can see by the examples, this suffix carries a
nuance that the thing left alone is due to oversight or neglect. Here are the
(simple) conjugation rules for this grammar.
Using 「っぱなし」 to complete an action and leave it that way
·
Take the stem of the
verb and attach 「っぱなし」.
Examples
1. 開ける → 開けっぱなし
2. 書く → 書き → 書きっぱなし
Examples
1. テレビをつけっぱなしにしなければ眠れない人は、結構いる。
There exists a fair number of people who cannot sleep
unless they turn on the TV and leave it that way.
2. 窓が開けっ放しだったので、蚊がいっぱい入ってしまった。
The window was left wide open so a lot of mosquitoes got in.
